Avert vs. Avoid

Avert vs. Avoid Avert vs. Avoid Avert vs. Avoid By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between avert and avoid? They share a primary meaning (with a subtle but significant distinction) but despite their structural similarity are etymologically unrelated. This post discusses their senses and origins and those of similar-looking synonyms. Avert derives from the Latin verb vertere, which means â€Å"turn.† To avert is literally to turn away; one averts one’s eyes or gaze when one turns away, so as not to make eye contact or see something. But avert also means â€Å"prevent† or â€Å"ward off,† a sense it shares with avoid. However, while avert implies active effort to stop something from happening, avoid often suggests keeping away from or refraining from something rather than preventive action. One averts disaster by doing something to stop it, while one avoids it by removing oneself from a situation that will result in disaster. Aversion, originally the noun form of avert, still alludes to the physical act of turning away in its modern senses of â€Å"dislike† or â€Å"repugnance†; more rarely, it refers to an object of antipathy. Avoid stems from the Latin verb vuider, which means â€Å"empty† and is also the origin of void, which as a verb means â€Å"empty† and as a noun means â€Å"emptiness.† The a is a vestige of the Latin prefix ex-, in this sense meaning â€Å"out†; the prefix, slightly altered in the Old French word esvuider, ended up in Anglo-French as the first letter of avoider, from which the English word avoid is derived. (Devoid, meaning â€Å"without,† also has the root word void.) Something is said to be avoidable, and an act or practice of avoiding is avoidance. Another word that appears to be related to avert and avoid is evade, which means â€Å"avoid† or â€Å"escape† but its origin is the Latin verb vadere, meaning â€Å"go†; to evade is literally to not go. Something avoidable is also evadable, though this adjective is seldom used. The noun form is evasion. Inevitable, meaning â€Å"unable to be avoided,† is also unrelated; its antonym, evitable, is rare but also goes back hundreds of years. Their ultimate source is the Latin verb vitare, which means â€Å"shun.† In addition to being an adjective, inevitable sometimes appears as a noun, as shown in â€Å"Accept the inevitable† (meaning, â€Å"that which cannot be avoided†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfEspecially vs. Specially

Organisational Politics Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Organisational Politics - Dissertation Example In the highly competitive environment, where every individual is concerned about job security, pursuance of self-interest has taken dominance. Managers engage in enhancing their abilities and capabilities to use power, and participate in political activities. In the process, they attempt to exercise coercion and control over their subordinates. This naturally gives rise to resistance which takes the shape of conflicts. However, according to Max Weber, organizations can achieve the coordination necessary for rational, logical and calculable action only through impersonal coercion and discipline of subordinates and clients (McNeill, 1978, p65). Pfeffer (1992, p10) contends that power and influence are social realities and in trying to ignore them, organizations lose a chance to understand these critical social processes and to train managers to cope with them. However, power has been associated with such a negative interpretation that people keep away from it for fear of getting a bad name. Politics in general is also related to negative outcomes; politics is considered to be inherently non-rational and subject to power interactions between diverse interests (Kinicki, 2008) but Vigoda (2000, p1) found weak negative relationship between perception of organizational politics and employees’ performance. ... Allen et al (1978, p78) emphasize that managers must know of the political processes and elaborate on the proactive and reactive behavior of the managers. Lee (1987, p316) identifies sources of power as coalition, expertise, information, rewards, emotional ties, authority and coercion while Varman and Bhatnagar add formal authority, rules and regulations, knowledge and information, counter organizations and informal organizations. However, a person’s actual power is a function of the sources, importance and scarcity of the power available to them (Lee, 1987, p317). Farrell and Peterson (1982, p403) examine individual political behavior within an organization, which they feel has been neglected. Fleming and Spicer (2008, p302) propose that power and resistance in an organization are intertwined. Bureaucratic power is used to exercise control and this gives rise to conflicts in the organization. Thompson (1960, p390) discusses the different forms and sources of organizational co nflicts while Rubenstein (1996) differentiates between conflict management, conflict resolution and conflict settlement. To resolve conflicts power and politics are the facilitators. Most of the literature reviewed here suggests that people are rational and active in pursuit of their goals. They need to influence, they need to manipulate to accomplish goals. This would imply that using tact and manipulation is acceptable as it helps further the interest of the individual as well as of the organization. However, they are seldom conscious of the repercussions of their actions. Imbalance of power can lead to several undesirable consequences such as workplace bullying, harassment and victimization. Several authors such as

A Comparison of Business Systems Between Japan and China Essay

A Comparison of Business Systems Between Japan and China - Essay Example Being a collectivist culture means that managers and employees in Japan tend to work cooperatively, with very minimal power distance tolerated. A recent empirical study of the Japanese business environment indicated that participative leadership is the most accepted form of management whereby decision-making generally occurs from the bottom-up rather than utilising strict hierarchies of executive control.4 It is through consultation between different ranking employees and managers that a negotiation-based management style thrives and prospers. It is a more balanced system within the business dynamic whereby the attitudes and opinions of workers are highly respected and considered when making important corporate decisions. China, on the other hand, maintains very high levels of power distance between different ranking members of the organisation. Geert Hofstede recognises that Chinese culture scores very highly on power distance scales, meaning that there is a culturally-driven tolera nce for power disparities that makes most business systems vertical rather than horizontal when it comes to decision-making. This is a stark contrast between the Japanese business environment. Unequal power means that employees in the organisational hierarchy are not consulted for their opinions and problem-solving ability, whereby employees are routinely sanctioned and the general belief is that employees should not maintain aspirations for improving their rank and status within the organisational dynamic.5 These disparate relationships between managers and employees are highly polarized, meaning significant division, and there are generally no defences... This paper illustrated that there are many differences and similarities between Chinese and Japanese business systems and internal corporate ideologies. It cannot be said, concretely, that one business system is superior to another, only that both countries operate and manage their business structures with varying philosophies and approaches to securing the future and performance of their respective organisations. Much contemporary literature on how to successfully manage businesses, today, shows that adaptability and flexibility are necessary to find competitive success. Under this premise, it would seem that China maintains the most probability for ensuring long-term business performance than that of Japan. Even though Japan has many strengths, such as high determination in a corporate context, Chinese business systems will be most likely to endure long-term if these systems continue to utilise their current, existing business ideology. This report makes a conclusion that Japanese workers tend to view the future as being opportunistic whereby high performance and profitability results from a business perspective can be attained through dedication and hard work. Chinese employees and managers, in opposite accord, seek to find personal fulfilment whenever possible as a primary lifestyle and cultural goal in the pursuit of finding social acceptance with like-status peers. Therefore, there is evidence that some dimensions of long-term-focused thinking will be abandoned in Chinese culture based on hedonistic consumerism that is becoming commonplace in the nation.

Choose a good tittle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Choose a good tittle - Essay Example Here, the â€Å"Neo† means new form of liberalism where the defenders of liberalism have much to argue. It is an arguable fact, that the public have shown enthusiasm regarding neoliberalism and neoliberal reforms since decades. The reason for this is the enhancement or prosperity it has brought to the capitalist and the downgrading it has brought upon poor and working class men. The appraisal might have been coming from the rich business group whereas the contradiction can come from the working class people and social thinkers and activists. The thinking of people on neoliberalism or the enthusiasm people have on it should be tempered considering its negative impact on the society. Since neo liberalism is affected by many economic and political factors, a deep analysis by considering this will give an understanding as to whether the economical critique or political critique is right. Economic enthusiasm which neoliberalism arises in the minds of men is agreeable as this leads to capitalism and privatization of trade. It is extremely favorable for business world in accumulating wealth and power. Neoliberalism has led to the opening of national borders in order to allow free trade which has been tempting to the commercial world that is engaging in liberal trade with minimum restriction from government. The power and authority which it gives to the capitalist is enormous and this needs to be tempered in order to give liberal values to working class and poor people. Neoliberalism excites people due to its liberalization of economic trade which brings in prosperity to the corporates and the business lobbyist of global world. However, the income inequality it showers on the poor has awakened the public to fight towards it. In Political sense, the enthusiasm on neoliberalism needs to be tempered for the reason that it steals away privileges from the society. The neoliberalism

Dangers of Drinking and Driving for Teens

Dangers of Drinking and Driving for Teens America is a wonderful place where anyone can travel to have a nice vacation, but they can not do that safely if someone is drinking and driving. Drinking and driving can prevent many accidents while causing someone their life. Driving is an everyday routine for many people in the United States but driving while being intoxicated is becoming a fatal routine. Teenagers are typically inexperienced drivers when they get their first drivers license. Adults are more experienced drivers while being intoxicated but teenagers are more accurate of crashing while being intoxicated. The article Crash types; Markers of Increased. identifies, alcohol-related crash types for which teen drivers were at a greater risk compared with adults. This proves to teens that drinking and driving is a dangerous situation because it can cause serious injury or death. Decreasing the problem of drinking and driving for teenagers would decrease the death of lives. Most car accidents happen because of drunk drivers. If teens drink any type of alcohol it extends the risk of them putting their own selves in danger. According to the article Teens Drinking and Driving Less, Teens were responsible for approximately two point four million episodes of drinking and driving in a month in 2011. This proves that teens take an action of being irresponsible when it comes to drinking and driving. According to the authors (Beck, Shattuck, and Raleigh), The need to increase parents capacity to impose and enforce driving restrictions on provisionally licensed teen drivers is indicated. To prevent any type of car fatal crashes due with teens is that parents need to be involved and make rules when their child is driving on the road. Teenagers are not always mature enough to make their own decisions thats why parents need to be involved with their childs driving style. Parents who look out for their child are good parents because they need to get involved with their driving skills. Parents have the right to know where their child is at all times and the teenager needs to know what their parents expects from them. According to the article (Relation of Parent- Teen) it states, To determine the relations among parent-teen discordance for restrictions on driving conditions, driving rules, and consequences for rule violations at licensure and subsequent risky teen driving. This is the reason why teenagers should take a big responsibility while driving especially when they have a passenger in the seat. Parents who influence their child about having a safe strategy to drive will reduce teen car crash rates. Drinking and driving is not the right decision to make the consequences that come with it is not worth it. Killing innocent lives and injuring them as well will put others in a situation that they dont want to be in. People are allowed to drink but its always safer to have a designated driver to drive them home. To prevent drinking and driving everyone needs to let the world know the outcome behind it and how its a bad decisions. Teenagers can be very stubborn about this subject but its for their own good to get educated about it. It an issue for teenagers to drinking and drive because their reaction on the road at the moment is lowered and a greater risk of them getting into an accident. Knowing on how to save peoples lives and also not endangering them would bring a good awareness towards others. They dont really understand the hazards of drinking and driving as they consider themselves being untouchable to the society. Most minors may not think they are the only ones that get affected by being intoxicated while driving but the person who gave it to them or sold it gets in trouble as well. Each single harm or death caused by drinking and driving can be completely avoidable. The possibility of a teen driver being involved in a fatal crash rises significantly with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) of zero point five percent and even more rapidly after zero point eight percent. People need to be aware of what alcohol can cause and do to others. Its not only teenagers who have a problem with drinking and driving but alcohol affects a persons thought of train which likely makes them to make bad decisions, such as seating behind a wheel. There are several crowds out there to prevent this problem of drinking and driving. The two crowds are called M.A.D.D. (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) and S.A.D.D.s (Students Against Destructive Decisions). According to the authors (Loewit-Phillips, Patricia Melody) they state So effective has this organization been, that it is estimated that 94% of all Americans recognize MADDs name and are familiar with its purpose of changing national attitudes concerning driving while impaired or intoxicated This proves that the program influenced many people lives about drinking and driving. Most mothers care for their childs safety as the regards of driving sober or not. Taking this information from experienced drivers will impact anyones live if they accept it? In addition to that drinking and driving should not be allowed and everyone should be responsible and take careful actions upon themselves. Especially when you can put your own life in danger as well as others. Therefore, if someone drinks have a designated driver to prevent them to cause in accident. The main consequence that can go on someones record can be by drinking and driving is driving under the Influence (DUI). So everyone should be well educated enough to prevent not to have any type of alcohol related charges on them. In conclusion, drinking and driving is still a problem amongst teenagers which needs to be dealt with it now and in the future. Work Cited Beck, KH, T Shattuck, and R Raleigh. Parental Predictors Of Teen Driving Risk. American Journal Of Health Behavior 25.1 (2001): 10-20. CINAHL Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Beck, KH, JL Hartos, and BG Simons-Morton. Relation Of Parent-Teen Agreement On Restrictions To Teen Risky Driving Over 9 Months. American Journal Of Health Behavior 30.5 (2006): 533-543. CINAHL Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Bingham, CR, et al. Crash Types: Markers Of Increased Risk Of Alcohol-Involved Crashes Among Teen Drivers. Journal Of Studies On Alcohol Drugs 70.4 (2009): 528-535. CINAHL Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Teens Drinking And Driving Less. American Nurse 44.6 (2012): 7. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Loewit-Phillips, Patricia Melody, and Abbie Goldbas. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD): History And Impact. International Journal Of Childbirth Education 28.4 (2013): 62-67. CINAHL Complete. Web. 20 Feb. 2017.

Gainsborough, A Story of a Painter and an Era Essay -- essays papers

Gainsborough, A Story of a Painter and an Era To be able to appraise the originality of eighteenth century English art, one must recognize its importance in history. A great painter to research is Thomas Gainsborough. His artwork was an important aspect of the art community of the middle seventeen hundreds. His paintings seem to bring brightness and color to a period in art that needed his creative boost. His combination of portrait paintings along with beautiful landscapes was not recognized in his time, but would be recognized as remarkable later in history. Thomas Gainsborough was born in 1727 in the town of Sudbury in Suffolk (Internet 1). He grew up as the son of a woodworking father and his mother was a teacher. He had 7 brothers and sisters, with whom he attended school until he was thirteen. He traveled to London and worked for a Silversmith. While there he saw many painters, he enjoyed it and began painting himself. It was impressive that he began painting without any formal academic lessons (Woodall 11). In spite of that his work was very astonishing and he published his first sketches in 1747. He was greatly influenced by the great painter Sir Anthony Van Dyck before he decided that it was time for him to leave the silversmith’s shop (Internet 2). He married and had two daughters, his love for painting continued on. His love for painting landscapes brought great paintings, but these were not popular enough to earn a living. He had to paint portraits to keep an income. Gainsborough’s combination of both po rtrait style painting and landscape painting was to give him a large contribution to his era of painters. Up until this point in time, paintings were usually face shots or occasionally full body sho... ... may seem confusing, but with just a little conversation with it should have all the details figured out. Art is History. Bibliography: Sources Woodall, Mary. Gainsborough. London: Phoenix House Limited, 1949. Internet sources 1 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jgainsborough.htm 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 2 http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/04854.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 3 http://acker.cwrl.utexas.edu/~scoggins/britishprojects/eighteenth/economy.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 4 http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/gainsborough/ 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 5 http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/4F/04F02000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1 6 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 7 http://tetrad.stanford.edu/hm/HorseNMusket.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. Gainsborough, A Story of a Painter and an Era Essay -- essays papers Gainsborough, A Story of a Painter and an Era To be able to appraise the originality of eighteenth century English art, one must recognize its importance in history. A great painter to research is Thomas Gainsborough. His artwork was an important aspect of the art community of the middle seventeen hundreds. His paintings seem to bring brightness and color to a period in art that needed his creative boost. His combination of portrait paintings along with beautiful landscapes was not recognized in his time, but would be recognized as remarkable later in history. Thomas Gainsborough was born in 1727 in the town of Sudbury in Suffolk (Internet 1). He grew up as the son of a woodworking father and his mother was a teacher. He had 7 brothers and sisters, with whom he attended school until he was thirteen. He traveled to London and worked for a Silversmith. While there he saw many painters, he enjoyed it and began painting himself. It was impressive that he began painting without any formal academic lessons (Woodall 11). In spite of that his work was very astonishing and he published his first sketches in 1747. He was greatly influenced by the great painter Sir Anthony Van Dyck before he decided that it was time for him to leave the silversmith’s shop (Internet 2). He married and had two daughters, his love for painting continued on. His love for painting landscapes brought great paintings, but these were not popular enough to earn a living. He had to paint portraits to keep an income. Gainsborough’s combination of both po rtrait style painting and landscape painting was to give him a large contribution to his era of painters. Up until this point in time, paintings were usually face shots or occasionally full body sho... ... may seem confusing, but with just a little conversation with it should have all the details figured out. Art is History. Bibliography: Sources Woodall, Mary. Gainsborough. London: Phoenix House Limited, 1949. Internet sources 1 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jgainsborough.htm 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 2 http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/04854.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 3 http://acker.cwrl.utexas.edu/~scoggins/britishprojects/eighteenth/economy.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 4 http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/gainsborough/ 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 5 http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/4F/04F02000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1 6 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999. 7 http://tetrad.stanford.edu/hm/HorseNMusket.html 8 December, 1999. 12 December, 1999.

The Shack, a Discussion of Symbolism

2/16/09 The Shack: A Discussion of Symbolism The Shack, written by William P. Young, tackles one man’s quest for faith and reassurance in God through several metaphors, parables and symbols. These symbols are used to compare the story religion itself; and from this comparison it is easier to grasp a deeper understanding. However, with this underlying symbolism, it’s possible to over analyze and disregard the fictitious nature of the book. Despite this, there are many symbols within The Shack that are essential to the story and the deeper significance within it. Symbols are used within The Shack to really enunciate the relationship transition that Mack experiences while visiting the shack and the new found relationship that he develops within the Trinity. Symbolism within The Shack is found almost everywhere, with symbolism it is possible to understand God through the analogies expressed. These analogies range from simple to complex and have many dimensions; the symbol itself and the reality it exposes. There are many different symbols hidden within the shack, some are obvious and some are vaguer. One of the more obvious pieces of symbolism would be the story of the Indian Princess that Mack tells Missy. (Young, 30-31) The story is a clear representation of the death of Jesus Christ. Missy is unnerved by the death of the Indian Princess and Jesus and raises the essential question, as to why God is so mean? (31) Mack answers the question the best he can but it still unnerves him. He says that Jesus didn't have to die, he chose to. He then tells Missy that  God will never ask us to do something like that, as Jesus already covered it. He's shaken though by the depth of his young daughter’s question. However, not quite as shaken as he will be in the days ahead as he wonders the same thing himself. In the coming days ahead When Missy is abducted, Mack will think back to this, thus, creating distrust in God for Mack. Now that Mack has developed a type of disbelieve in God, he becomes immersed in another piece of symbolism that he has taken to calling â€Å"the Great Sadness†. †¦he [Mack] allowed himself to consider the range of horrendous possibilities, and once it started he couldn't stop; the imaginations of good and evil all mixed up together in a soundless but terrifying parade. 53) This â€Å"Great Sadness† seems to be a lot like depression but there are some things here that seem to even go beyond such a simple definition. It appears to more than physical, more than psychological; it's almost a spiritual type of thing that hits to the very core of his being to where his entire world is impacted by its presence. It haunts his dreams, and leaves him in a stat e of almost perpetual fatigue and anguish. It can be argued that this state was brought on solely because of his daughter’s disappearance; however that may just be one of the factors contributing to the â€Å"Great Sadness†. Mack’s â€Å"Great Sadness† seems to come more from his loss of faith because of the loss of his daughters which could imply that both of these are the causes of his grief induced state. Whether it’s depression, or something else, Mack has a condition in which pain becomes so overwhelming that there are few options other than suppressing the pain, which is what Mack chooses to do. One of the contributing sources to Mack’s great sadness is the loss of his daughter, Missy. Missy can also be viewed as yet another symbol within The Shack. She is innocent and unassuming; therefore she can be regarded as somewhat of an inner child or symbol of youthful innocence. And now Mack could clearly see the voice that had called his Missy. It was Jesus playing in the middle of his children. (168) However, with her disappearance she brings despair and sadness to her family, therefore she is also representative of great pain and loss. Missy, can also be compared to Jesus. She was innocent, but ended up dying for no reason. Although her death was tragic and hurt her family, Mack manages to gain a new relationship with God from it. Much like Jesus, who died unjustly, but ended up saving humanity, Missy in a way saves her father. Another symbol found several times throughout the story would be the lady bug. Before the family leaves to go on a camping trip, Missy asks her mother and her father if she can bring her insects with her. Her father says yes, while her mother says no, because they will be safer at home. This is symbolic because it turns out that Missy would have been safer at home too. Perhaps the most noted symbols in the entire story would be the physical human representations of the Trinity. God is represented by a large African American woman; however this is just the form that God chose to spoke to Mack through, because â€Å"Papa† (God) says that God is neither male nor female. (93) Jesus is portrayed as a clumsy Jewish man. While the Holy Spirit is an Asian woman, who behaves rather strangely and flits in and out of Mack’s vision and can appear in more than one place at once, (128) these are all metaphorical representations of the manifestation of the Trinity. Mack in his first meeting with God following his cathartic regeneration of unloading his anger and rage sees God in a quite different manner than he expected, which is why God is portrayed this specific way. This materialization of God in this form is important because this isn’t a literal assembly with God. This is a parable or metaphor that represents Mack’s introduction to a God that isn't the remote, presentiment, ominous, hypercritical figure that Mack has believed him to be, until now. To reveal myself to you as a very large, white grandfather figure with flowing beard, like Gandalf, would simply reinforce your religious stereotypes, and this weekend is not about reinforcing your religious stereotypes. (93) God or Papa in The Shack isn’t revealing himself in all of his splendor and sanctity for a specific reason. This is because the general rationale of this weekend in the shack is focused upon constructing a relationship with God. Through this, Mack discovers the idea that God's love extends so much that God has chosen to reveal himself in a manner that Mack can relate to and identify with. God also wishes for Mack’s religious stereotypes to be abolished, so he can be closer with God. Mack’s religious stereotype of God in his head is similar to Gandalf from Lord of the Rings, like a sort of grandfatherly figure with a long white flowing beard. (73) So, Mack is shaken immensely when God appears to him in the way that he does, in order to try to bring himself down to Mack’s level. Through the symbolism in this story dealing with the trinity, Mack begins to start the road to restoration nd healing. The whole meeting in the shack is symbolic in itself because it is possible that it did not even occur in reality. Mack discovers that his accident was on Friday night, and also when he wakes up wakes up in the shack and it is cold (237) and also he appears to be in the same spot on the floor where he fell asleep (79) near the old blood stain. This leads to the conclusion that the manifestation of the trinity, may have occurred just not as a part of reality, more as in a visionary meeting. These events are seemingly real as Mack experiences them and he is able to grasp that there is a truth being represented here through this weekend at the shack and from that he reaches the truth about his relationship with God. Even though it is possible to conclude that the actual meeting did not occur, there is a reality here in the truth of the concepts and life changes that occur because of this meeting. The purpose of this metaphorical vision was to save Mack, so he could forgive and mend his relationship with God. Parables, symbols and metaphors are all essential elements in The Shack. They help to intertwine the pieces of the story together and allow for greater significance. Although some of the symbolism is blatant and quite obvious; there are other pieces of symbolism that are vaguer and harder to pick out. The Shack is a story about, healing and forgiveness, and within the tale of anguish and spiritual redemption there are symbols that act as signposts helping to lead Mack to conclusion and build a stronger relationship with the Trinity. Works Cited Young, William P. The Shack. Newbury Park, CA, 2007